• 90 years of Italian penalties : trends, importance, VAR, and adjusting the 12-yard mark 

      Haugen, Kjetil K.; Solenes, Oskar (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      This article discusses an alternative to Video Assisted Refereeing (VAR) in football. An alternative option of positively adjusting the distance from the penalty spot to the goal, leading to a decrease in penalty scoring ...
    • The alleged causality between number of teams in a league and national team quality 

      Haugen, Kjetil K. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      This article presents a simple linear regression between national football team quality and uncertainty of outcome in associated national leagues. The main results indicate no significant causal relationship between the ...
    • Application of cooperative game theory in waste management 

      Eryganov, Ivan; Šomplák, Radovan; Nevrly, Vlastimir; Smejkalová, Veronika; Hrabec, Dušan; Haugen, Kjetil K. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Optimal values of parameters which play the major role in the implementation and financial sustainability of waste-to-energy plants technology can be obtained through the solution of mathematical programs corresponding to ...
    • Artificial grass and genuine football : the evolution of artificial turf 

      Haugen, Kjetil K.; Heen, Knut Peder (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      The article formulates, solves and draws inference from a game model intended to shed light on the evolution of artificial turf in professional European football (soccer). The main results indicate that quality of teams ...
    • The competitive evolution of European top football – signs of danger 

      Haugen, Kjetil K.; Heen, Knut Peder (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      This paper presents a relatively comprehensive study of how Uncertainty of Outcome has developed over time in major European football leagues. The findings are clear; excitement in football is degrading, closing up on ...
    • Downstream logistics optimization at EWOS Norway 

      Branda, Martin; Haugen, Kjetil K.; Novotný, Jan; Olstad, Asmund (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      The Norwegian company EWOS AS produces fish feed for the salmon farming industry, supplying approximately 300 customers spread along the coast of Norway. The feed is produced at three factory locations and distributed by ...
    • Equilibrium team selection in football under win or profit maximisation 

      Haugen, Kjetil K. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      This article applies mathematical methods to investigating (extremely) simplified versions of the team selection problem for football managers. The team selection problem - obviously a game problem - is analysed game ...
    • Event corruption : a game theoretic approach 

      Haugen, Kjetil K.; Solberg, Harry Arne (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      This article applies economics of doping theory (game theory) to corruption. Similarities, and significant differences between the two topics are identified. As a consequence of such differences, the corruptive action - ...
    • Event Logistics : Second Edition 

      Haugen, Kjetil K. (Book, 2021)
    • Fighting doping through sport redesign 

      Haugen, Kjetil K. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2017)
      This commentary discusses how the rules of the game may affect doping positively and negatively. The link between rules and doping prevalence is established. Some examples are given, indicating what to do and not. The main ...
    • A game theory explanation for menstrual synchrony : the harem paradox 

      Haugen, Kjetil K. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      The 50th anniversary of the McClintock effect deserves a new view on the subject. This paper applies (evolutionary) game theory to gain further insight. Among interesting results are strong indications of Nash equilibria ...
    • A heuristic for finding cheating in chess 

      Haugen, Kjetil K.; Heen, Knut Peder; Smerdon, David C.; Nilssen, Tore (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      This article argues by casual empirics that a low draw percent in chess may work as a simplified cheating indicator. Data from a large number of historical chess games (53331) indicate that this extremely simple heuristic ...
    • The manager sack race game 

      Haugen, Kjetil K. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      This article applies game theory to explain why football clubs have a tendency to sack their managers when relegation is a realistic option. As opposed to coach succession literature, which typically reports contradiction ...
    • The market demand-(and supply) curve paradox 

      Haugen, Kjetil K.; Heen, Knut Peder (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2021)
      After many years of teaching utility maximization in Microeconomics a certain paradoxical puzzle has come to our attention. It is very simple and straightforward, but we still find it hard to explain it to students. Our ...
    • Measuring uncertainty of outcome : an analytic approach 

      Haugen, Kjetil K. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      This article proposes an alternative mathematical formulation to one (among many) ways of estimating Uncertainty of Outcome. This alternative formulation holds potential to make such estimation processes easier for both ...
    • Point score systems and cooperative incentives : the 3-1-0 curse 

      Haugen, Kjetil K.; Heen, Knut Peder (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      The purpose of this study is to analyze the consequences that point score systems in association football may have on potential collusion between teams. The study applies game theory and empirical analysis to derive and ...
    • Point score systems and football coaching secrecy 

      Haugen, Kjetil K. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2016)
      In this paper, a game between two football (soccer) teams is analysed. The focus is on how the choice of point score system may affect Nash equilibria in a given simultaneous game and a corresponding sequential version. ...
    • Predicting football tables by a maximally parsimonious model 

      Haugen, Kjetil K.; Owren, Brynjulf (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2018)
      This paper presents some useful mathematical results concerned with football table prediction. In addition, some empirical results indicate that an alternative methodology for football table prediction may produce high ...
    • The trade-off between goals and uncertainty of outcome in professional team sports 

      Haugen, Kjetil K.; Arntzen, Halvard (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2022)
      Based on an assumption of an existing scoring probability difference between two teams engaged in a football match, the conditional probability distribution given the number of goals in the match for the low quality team ...
    • Uncertainty of outcome and financial inequality : is the obvious not so obvious? 

      Haugen, Kjetil K. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019)
      The article reports a series of regressions between various proxies for financial inequality and uncertainty of outcome in English football. The main finding is that no significant association between these two variables ...